Influencia de las competencias culturales en los resultados de la atención sanitaria

Harita Nair M; Apurvakumar Pandya; Suphiya Parveen

doi:10.56294/saludcyt2023445

Autores/as

Harita Nair M College of Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-9138
Apurvakumar Pandya Department of Parul Institute of Public Health, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal, Gujarat, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-3978
Suphiya Parveen Department of Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-9310

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2023445

Palabras clave:

Competencia cultural, escala de evaluación de la competencia cultural, formación en diversidad cultural, enfermería, atención sanitaria

Resumen

Antecedentes: La demanda de mejorar la competencia cultural (CC) de las enfermeras ha salido a la luz recientemente debido a la creciente variedad cultural de la asistencia sanitaria en los países europeos. Es posible mejorar el tratamiento culturalmente competente evaluando la CC e identificando las variables influyentes pertinentes. El objetivo de esta investigación era utilizar la escala de Evaluación de la Competencia Cultural (ECC) para medir la CC de enfermeras y estudiantes de enfermería que trabajan en entornos de cuidados intensivos e identificar las variables influyentes.
Métodos: El diseño fue transversal. Los datos se recogieron en marzo de 2021 de enfermeras y estudiantes de enfermería matriculados en su último año de formación y empleados en centros de cuidados intensivos. Las características generales de los participantes en la investigación y los grados de CC general se mostraron mediante un análisis descriptivo. Los aspectos que influyen en la CC se examinaron mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple.
Resultados: La competencia cultural de las enfermeras osciló entre moderada y excelente. La edad, el nivel de estudios, la formación en diversidad cultural (FDC) y la autopercepción del CC influyeron significativamente en el nivel.
Conclusiones: Todos los profesionales sanitarios, incluidas las enfermeras que interactúan frecuentemente con los pacientes, deben estar preparados para ofrecer atención sanitaria CC a pacientes de diversos orígenes culturales. La prestación de cuidados de CC implica la aplicación de intervenciones eficaces, como la formación educativa, que pueden contribuir a eliminar las desigualdades en la atención sanitaria y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.

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