Determinantes Sociales de la Salud que influyen en la incidencia/prevalencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares

Arturo Flores; Lisselotte Saelzer; Denisse Cartagena-Ramos

doi:10.56294/saludcyt2023343

Autores/as

Arturo Flores Universidad San Sebastián, Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Concepción, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-9601
Lisselotte Saelzer Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Enfermería. Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-0847
Denisse Cartagena-Ramos Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Enfermería. Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-2190

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2023343

Palabras clave:

Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Determinantes Sociales en Salud, Adulto, Incidencia, Prevalencia

Resumen

Introducción: Alemania, Estados Unidos y Brasil, son los países con las tasas más altas de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). En Chile, representan la primera causa de muerte en adultos. Existen determinantes estructurales e intermedios que interfieren en la incidencia y prevalencia de ECV.
Objetivo: Describir la influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) en la incidencia y prevalencia de ECV en adultos. Métodos: Se trató de una revisión sistemática. Fue elaborada la pregunta según acrónimo PICO. Fueron utilizadas las bases PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud (BVS). Para PubMed, la búsqueda fue construida con descriptores MeSH, Adult, Cardiovascular Disease, Social Determinants of Health. Para BVS, por medio de los DeCS, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Determinantes Sociales en Salud, Adulto en español, inglés y portugués. Para ambas búsquedas, en combinación a palabras claves y operadores booleanos AND y OR. Todas las referencias fueron importadas a EndNote. Fue evaluada la calidad metodológica de los estudios según JBI Critical Apraisal tools. Fue realizado análisis temático deductivo de los datos.
Resultados: De un total de 834 artículos identificados y 31 incluidos. Los determinantes estructurales identificados fueron la raza, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y nivel educacional. Los determinantes intermedios identificados fueron la ruralidad, comorbilidades, factores de salud mental y la presencia de hábitos no saludables.
Conclusiones: El nivel socioeconómico y educacional bajo fueron los DSS estructurales identificados. La salud mental deficiente y la presencia de hábitos no saludables, fueron DSS intermedios que influyeron en la incidencia y prevalencia de las ECV.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

World Health Organization (WHO). Cardiovascular diseases. 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)

Amini M, Zayeri F, Salehi M. Trend analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio: results from global burden of disease study 2017. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10429-0

Ritchie H, Roser M. Causes of Death, Our World in Data. Our World in Data. 2018. https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death

Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. https://doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

Troncoso-Pantoja C, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Ulloa N, Celis-Morales C. Cardiovascular disease cases can be attributed to risk factors that could be modified with lifestyle changes. Rev Med Chil. 2020;148(1):126–8. https://doi/10.4067/S0034-98872020000100126

Aburto MJ, Romero D, Rezende LFM, Sanchez ZM, Bolados CC, Guzmán-Habinger J, et al. Prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases according to sociodemographic characteristics among adults Chilean residents. Sci Reports. 2021;11(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01167-9

Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Jokela M, Avendaño M, McCrory C, D’Errico A, et al. Socioeconomic status, non-communicable disease risk factors, and walking speed in older adults: multi-cohort population based study. BMJ. 2018;360(7):17. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1046

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

Library National of Medicine. [Internet]. MeSH – NCBI. 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh

Virtual Health Library. DeCS - Health Sciences Descriptors [Internet]. 2023. https://decs.bvsalud.org/I/homepagei.htm

JBI. Critical Appraisal Tools [Internet]. 2020. https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools

Clarke V, Braun V. Teaching thematic analysis: Over- coming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. Psychologist. 2013;26(2):120–3. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/21155%5Cnhttp://www.thepsychologist.org.uk/archive/archive_home.cfm?volumeID=26&editionID=222&Article

World Health Organization. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health [Internet]. 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44489

Pierce JB, Kershaw KN, Kiefe CI, Jacobs DRJ, Sidney S, Merkin SS, et al. Association of Childhood Psychosocial Environment With 30-Year Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in Middle Age. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(9):e015326. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.015326

Quiel L, Moreno Velásquez I, Gómez B, Motta J, Herrera-Ballesteros V. Social determinants and cardiovascular disease mortality in Panama, 2012-2016. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):199. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6508-8

Razavi AC, Potts KS, Kelly TN, He J, Fernandez C, Krousel-Wood M, et al. Pooled cohort equations heart failure risk score predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):202. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01485-2

Martínez-García M, Gutiérrez-Esparza GO, Roblero-Godinez JC, Marín-Pérez DV, Montes-Ruiz CL, Vallejo M, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:631747. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.631747

Glover LM, Cain-Shields LR, Wyatt SB, Gebreab SY, Diez-Roux A V, Sims M. Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. Am J Hypertens. 2020;33(1):84–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz133

Commodore-Mensah Y, Matthie N, Wells J, B Dunbar S, Himmelfarb CD, Cooper LA, et al. African Americans, African Immigrants, and Afro-Caribbeans Differ in Social Determinants of Hypertension and Diabetes: Evidence from the National Health Interview Survey. J racial Ethn Heal disparities. 2018;5(5):995–1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0446-x

Kelli HM, Mehta A, Tahhan AS, Liu C, Kim JH, Dong TA, et al. Low Educational Attainment is a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(17):e013165. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013165

Turkson-Ocran R-AN, Nmezi NA, Botchway MO, Szanton SL, Golden SH, Cooper LA, et al. Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among African Immigrants and African Americans: An Analysis of the 2010 to 2016 National Health Interview Surveys. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(5):e013220. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013220

Lucumi DI, Schulz AJ, Roux AVD, Grogan-Kaylor A. Income inequality and high blood pressure in Colombia: a multilevel analysis. Cad Saude Publica. 2017;33(11):e00172316. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00172316

Madavanakadu Devassy S, Webber M, Scaria L, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Fendt-Newlin M, Joubert J, et al. Social and behavioural risk factors in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in Kerala, India: a catchment area population survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020 Jul;20(1):327. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01595-x

Zhang Y-B, Chen C, Pan X-F, Guo J, Li Y, Franco OH, et al. Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2021;373:n604–n604. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n604

Ashworth M, Durbaba S, Whitney D, Crompton J, Wright M, Dodhia H. Journey to multimorbidity: longitudinal analysis exploring cardiovascular risk factors and sociodemographic determinants in an urban setting. BMJ Open. 2019;9(12):e031649. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031649

Musinguzi G, Ndejjo R, Ssinabulya I, Bastiaens H, van Marwijk H, Wanyenze RK. Cardiovascular risk factor mapping and distribution among adults in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda: small area analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01573-3

Neufcourt L, Deguen S, Bayat S, Paillard F, Zins M, Grimaud O. Geographical variations in the prevalence of hypertension in France: Cross-sectional analysis of the CONSTANCES cohort. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(12):1242–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319842229

Thrift AG, Ragavan RS, Riddell MA, Joshi R, Thankappan KR, Chow C, et al. Hypertension in Rural India: The Contribution of Socioeconomic Position. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(7):e014486. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.014486

Tung EL, Chua RFM, Besser SA, Lindau ST, Kolak M, Anyanwu EC, et al. Association of Rising Violent Crime With Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk: Longitudinal Evidence From Chicago, 2014-2016. Am J Hypertens. 2019;32(12):1192–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz134

Xiao L, Le C, Wang G-Y, Fan L-M, Cui W-L, Liu Y-N, et al. Socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of the prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural southwest China: a structural equation modelling approach. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-01885-y

Haeberer M, León-Gómez I, Pérez-Gómez B, Tellez-Plaza M, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Galán I. Social inequalities in cardiovascular mortality in Spain from an intersectional perspective. Rev Española Cardiol. 2020;73(4):282–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2019.07.022

Ye X, Zhu D, He P. The Long-Term Impact of Adversity in Adolescence on Health in Middle and Older Adulthood: A Natural Experiment From the Chinese Send-Down Movement. Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(7):1306–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab035

Dean CA, Zhang D, Kulchycki KT, Ventline B, Jagirdar R, Milan RA. Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease among Michigan Residents: A Call to Action for Population Health Initiatives. J racial Ethn Heal disparities. 2020;7(1):144–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00644-2

Hui-Fang L, Cai L, Wang X-M, Golden AR. Ethnic disparities in prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural Southwest China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019;19(1):200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1185-1

Hwang SE, Choi S, Kim K, Lee J-K, Oh J, Park SM. Association between social trust and the risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults in Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1844. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09964-z

Jernigan VBB, Wetherill M, Hearod J, Jacob T, Salvatore AL, Cannady T, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Health Outcomes Among American Indians in Oklahoma: the THRIVE Study. J Racial Ethn Heal Disparities. 2017;4(6):1061–8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-016-0310-4

Faka A, Chalkias C, Magriplis E, Georgousopoulou EN, Tripitsidis A, Pitsavos C, et al. The influence of socio-environmental determinants on hypertension. A spatial analysis in Athens metropolitan area, Greece. J Prev Med Hyg. 2020;61(1):E76–84. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1.988

Fenech G, Vallée A, Cherfan M, Kab S, Goldberg M, Zins M, et al. Poor Awareness of Hypertension in France: The CONSTANCES Population-Based Study. Am J Hypertens. 2020;33(6):543–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa018

Forde AT, Sims M, Muntner P, Lewis T, Onwuka A, Moore K, et al. Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Hypertens. 2020;76(3):715–23. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14492

Jafar TH, Gandhi M, Jehan I, Naheed A, de Silva HA, Shahab H, et al. Determinants of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Rural Communities in South Asia-Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Am J Hypertens. 2018;31(11):1205–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpy071

Glover LM, Cain-Shields LR, Spruill TM, O’Brien EC, Barber S, Loehr L, et al. Goal-Striving Stress and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(9):e015707. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.015707

Gronewold J, Kropp R, Lehmann N, Schmidt B, Weyers S, Siegrist J, et al. Association of social relationships with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Heart. 2020;106(17):1317–23. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316250

Miranda-Machado P, Salcedo-Mejía F, Wilches JP, Fernandez-Mercado J, De la Hoz-Restrepo F, Alvis-Guzmán N. First cardiovascular event in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of a cardiovascular risk management program of a poor Colombian population: a cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019;19(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-018-0993-z

Gwon JG, Choi J, Han YJ. Community-level socioeconomic inequality in the incidence of ischemic heart disease: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01389-1

Hackler E, Lew J, Gore MO, Ayers CR, Atzler D, Khera A, et al. Racial differences in cardiovascular biomarkers in the general population. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(18):1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012729

Walli-Attaei M, Joseph P, Rosengren A, Chow CK, Rangarajan S, Lear SA, et al. Variations between women and men in risk factors, treatments, cardiovascular disease incidence, and death in 27 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30543-2

Rosengren A, Smyth A, Rangarajan S, Ramasundarahettige C, Bangdiwala SI, AlHabib KF, et al. Socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in 20 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiologic (PURE) study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2019;7(6):e748–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30045-2

Alhabib KF, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Alshamiri MQ, Altaradi H, Rangarajan S, et al. Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: Results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi). BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09298-w

Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, Sheridan P, Mohan V, Iqbal R, et al. Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2018;392(10161):2288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31812-9

Santos Luna ME. Can we administer Acetazolamide in patients with heart failure? A systematic review. Data & Metadata. 2022;1:12. https://doi.org/10.56294/dm202212

Departamento de Epidemiologia, Division de Planificación Sanitaria de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 Primeros resultados. Departamento de Epidemiología, División de Planificación Sanitaria, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública. 2017. http://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENS-2016-17_PRIMEROS-RESULTADOS.pdf%0Ahttp://web.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENS-2016-17_PRIMEROS-RESULTADOS.pdf