Determinantes Sociales de la Salud que influyen en la incidencia/prevalencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares
Artículo revisado por pares
Enviado: 29-03-2023
Revisado: 10-04-2023
Aceptado: 14-05-2023
Publicado: 14-05-2023
Editor: Dr. Adrián Alejandro Rojas Concepción, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-1453
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2023343Palabras clave:
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Determinantes Sociales en Salud, Adulto, Incidencia, PrevalenciaResumen
Introducción: Alemania, Estados Unidos y Brasil, son los países con las tasas más altas de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). En Chile, representan la primera causa de muerte en adultos. Existen determinantes estructurales e intermedios que interfieren en la incidencia y prevalencia de ECV.
Objetivo: Describir la influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) en la incidencia y prevalencia de ECV en adultos. Métodos: Se trató de una revisión sistemática. Fue elaborada la pregunta según acrónimo PICO. Fueron utilizadas las bases PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud (BVS). Para PubMed, la búsqueda fue construida con descriptores MeSH, Adult, Cardiovascular Disease, Social Determinants of Health. Para BVS, por medio de los DeCS, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Determinantes Sociales en Salud, Adulto en español, inglés y portugués. Para ambas búsquedas, en combinación a palabras claves y operadores booleanos AND y OR. Todas las referencias fueron importadas a EndNote. Fue evaluada la calidad metodológica de los estudios según JBI Critical Apraisal tools. Fue realizado análisis temático deductivo de los datos.
Resultados: De un total de 834 artículos identificados y 31 incluidos. Los determinantes estructurales identificados fueron la raza, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y nivel educacional. Los determinantes intermedios identificados fueron la ruralidad, comorbilidades, factores de salud mental y la presencia de hábitos no saludables.
Conclusiones: El nivel socioeconómico y educacional bajo fueron los DSS estructurales identificados. La salud mental deficiente y la presencia de hábitos no saludables, fueron DSS intermedios que influyeron en la incidencia y prevalencia de las ECV.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Arturo Flores, Lisselotte Saelzer, Denisse Cartagena-Ramos

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